James H. Rimmer, PhD, Sangeetha Padalabalanarayanan, MS, Laurie A. Malone, PhD, Tapan Mehta
Disability and Health Journal, April 2017, Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 214–221
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.12.011
Background
Fitness facilities have potential to serve as places of ‘health enhancement’ for many underserved populations, particularly among people with physical/mobility disabilities where walking outdoors to meet recommendations for regular physical activity is not an option due to mobility or safety issues.
Objective
To examine the accessibility and usability of fitness facilities across the U.S. from a broader framework of physical and program access.
Methods
A convenience sample of 227 fitness facilities in 10 states were assessed by trained evaluators using theAccessibility Instrument Measuring Fitness and Recreation Environments (AIMFREE) tool. Non-parametric tests were performed to determine whether AIMFREE section scores were different by geographic region (urban, suburban), business type (nonprofit, for-profit), facility affiliation (fitness center/health club, park district/community center, hospital/rehabilitation facility, university/college), and facility construction date (pre/post passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA). Raw scores were converted to scaled scores with higher scores indicating better accessibility based on a criterion-referenced approach.
Results
Section scale scores (11/13) were low (<70) with differences found across facility affiliation. While facilities built after passage of the ADA had higher accessibility scores compared to pre-ADA facilities, only programs and water fountains had scaled scores ≥70 regardless of facility construction date.
Conclusions
There exists a strong and urgent need to encourage owners and operators of fitness facilities to reach a higher level of accessibility. Until then, many people with physical/mobility disabilities will continue to have limited access to programs, equipment, and services offered at these facilities.